RELIEVING INSECT BITES AND BEE STINGS ON DOGS

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Todays Tips-Relieving Insects Bites and Bee Stings on Dogs
Insect bites and bee stings on dogs are unpleasant realities you may have to contend with sometimes. But there are quite a few ways to apply 'first aid' so your dog isn't burdened by the pain or itchiness for long. And if they're not irritated by the sting or bite, they won't pick at it and make it worse. Dogs can be afflicted with the itchiness, pain, and irritation from mosquitoes, insects, bees, hornets and wasps, just like humans can.
To help relieve the pain of insect bites on dogs, here are some tips: There are a number of things you can put on the bites. These include:
* Baking soda - Not only is this good for removing old tea stains from your carpets, but it really helps relieve the itchiness of insect bites due to its alkaline nature. Make a paste with a small amount of water and rub it into the bite or sting several times a day.
* Meat Tenderizer - No, you're not going to cook your dog!! But the enzymes in meat tenderizers help break down the poison in stings, and thus reduces the irritation. Mix the tenderizer with a small amount of water, and apply it straight away to the sting. Repeat as often as necessary. Redness and swelling are good signs to continue repeating at regular intervals.
* Aloe Vera - This is a great first aid plant to have on your patio or in your garden. It helps with sunburn and burns in humans, and also skin irritations in your dog. Break a small section of the plant off, and slice it across with a knife. Being careful not to stick the thorny bits into your dog's insect sting or bee sting, gently rub it over and let the juice soak in. You can also squeeze the opened plant section to get more of the juice out. You can use aloe vera gel, but fresh is best!
* Remove the stinger- if your dog was stung by a bee. It's best to use tweezers for this. Part his hair to get a better view, and if he has long hair and you're having difficulty finding it, you might trim some of the hair away from that immediate area. If the stinger is visible you might try scraping it out with your fingernail, but make sure you don't drive it deeper into his skin. That's why tweezers are best. By removing the stinger, you prevent more venom from entering his wound.
* Manuka honey -is an excellent antibacterial and wound healer. You can apply it to any cuts or irritations on your dog, and my mother has even used it successfully on one of her dogs in the early stages of conjunctivitis. It is gentle and non irritating so can be applied to the eye area. Manuka honey is graded by UMF factor, which measures it's antibacterial activity. Whilst all unprocessed honey has some antibacterial activity, manuka is much stronger, so much so that the UMF graded manuka honey is even used in some hospitals.
Other ways you can relieve the pain from insect bites and stings is applying these agents:
* Ammonia - Applying ammonia straight to the bite will help relieve associated pain

* Milk of magnesia - Apply a thin coat several times a day to your dog's bites

* Cold compresses - This helps reduce the swelling and hence the pain. Hold it onto your dog for about 5 minutes or longer, but make sure your dog is comfortable.

* You could try an over the counter product like hydrocortisone, but I would strongly suggest manuka honey as an alternative. It's available on the internet or health food stores.
It's a good idea to keep a little 'first aid kit' with some of these items in it so you have them on hand should the need arise.

RELIEVING INSECTS BITES AND BEE STINGS ON DOGS

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Todays Tips-Relieving Insecta Bites and Bee Stings on Dogs
Insect bites and bee stings on dogs are unpleasant realities you may have to contend with sometimes. But there are quite a few ways to apply 'first aid' so your dog isn't burdened by the pain or itchiness for long. And if they're not irritated by the sting or bite, they won't pick at it and make it worse. Dogs can be afflicted with the itchiness, pain, and irritation from mosquitoes, insects, bees, hornets and wasps, just like humans can.
To help relieve the pain of insect bites on dogs, here are some tips: There are a number of things you can put on the bites. These include:
* Baking soda - Not only is this good for removing old tea stains from your carpets, but it really helps relieve the itchiness of insect bites due to its alkaline nature. Make a paste with a small amount of water and rub it into the bite or sting several times a day.
* Meat Tenderizer - No, you're not going to cook your dog!! But the enzymes in meat tenderizers help break down the poison in stings, and thus reduces the irritation. Mix the tenderizer with a small amount of water, and apply it straight away to the sting. Repeat as often as necessary. Redness and swelling are good signs to continue repeating at regular intervals.
* Aloe Vera - This is a great first aid plant to have on your patio or in your garden. It helps with sunburn and burns in humans, and also skin irritations in your dog. Break a small section of the plant off, and slice it across with a knife. Being careful not to stick the thorny bits into your dog's insect sting or bee sting, gently rub it over and let the juice soak in. You can also squeeze the opened plant section to get more of the juice out. You can use aloe vera gel, but fresh is best!
* Remove the stinger -if your dog was stung by a bee. It's best to use tweezers for this. Part his hair to get a better view, and if he has long hair and you're having difficulty finding it, you might trim some of the hair away from that immediate area. If the stinger is visible you might try scraping it out with your fingernail, but make sure you don't drive it deeper into his skin. That's why tweezers are best. By removing the stinger, you prevent more venom from entering his wound.
* Manuka honey- is an excellent antibacterial and wound healer. You can apply it to any cuts or irritations on your dog, and my mother has even used it successfully on one of her dogs in the early stages of conjunctivitis. It is gentle and non irritating so can be applied to the eye area. Manuka honey is graded by UMF factor, which measures it's antibacterial activity. Whilst all unprocessed honey has some antibacterial activity, manuka is much stronger, so much so that the UMF graded manuka honey is even used in some hospitals.
Other ways you can relieve the pain from insect bites and stings is applying these agents:

* Ammonia - Applying ammonia straight to the bite will help relieve associated pain

* Milk of magnesia - Apply a thin coat several times a day to your dog's bites

* Cold compresses - This helps reduce the swelling and hence the pain. Hold it onto your dog for about 5 minutes or longer, but make sure your dog is comfortable.

* You could try an over the counter product like hydrocortisone, but I would strongly suggest manuka honey as an alternative. It's available on the internet or health food stores.
It's a good idea to keep a little 'first aid kit' with some of these items in it so you have them on hand should the need arise.

DOG JOINT PROBLEM - TEN SIGNS TO LOOK FOR

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Todays Tips-Dog Joint Problem and 10 Signs to look for.
Dog joint problems such as canine hip dysplasia, canine arthritis or canine osteoarthritis,chondrodysplasia and old fractures are among the conditions that can cause dogs to become stiff or lame, struggling to get to their feet in the morning or crying out in pain if they move the wrong way. Recognizing a
dog joint problem early is the best way to keep your dog from suffering too much pain. The following signs can indicate trouble in any of your dog's joints, including the knees, hips, and lumbosacral (lower back) area. Take your dog to a veterinarian for an exam if you notice any of these signs listed below.
1. Lameness
2. Swelling around a joint.
3. Heat around a joint.
4.Tenderness when you palpate a joint.
5.Tenderness when flexing a joint.
6.Redness of the skin around a sore joint. You may have to part the dog's hair to see this.
7.Your dog holds its breath or stops panting when a painful joint is manipulated.
8.Your dogs reacts suddenly; turns its head or snaps, when you touch a sore joint.
9.Your dog puts less weight on a leg with a sore joint when it's standing still.
10.Your dog holds up a leg with a sore joint.

WHAT ARE DOG DEPRESSION SYMPTONS?

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Todays Tips-what are dog Depression Symptons.
The signs of depression in canines are actually similar to those experienced by human beings. Canines have down days and bad moods just like people. When your dog seems particularly lethargic, or seems to be moping around the house or yard, it's possible that she is feeling depressed.
Other symptoms of canine depression can include:
Loss of appetite
Drastic weight loss
Reduction in water consumption
Excessive sleepiness
No desire to play
Loss of interest in activities and toys
Slow movement
Atypical shedding
Aggressive behavior
Restless and anxious Behaviour.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTONS OF A SICK DOG

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Todays Tips-Symptoms of a Sick Dog
There are many different dog health symptoms that may indicate your pet isn't feeling well. Some are physical, some emotional or behavioral. It's important to be able to recognize them as soon as possible because early treatment can be the key to keeping a simple problem from snowballing into something more serious.
Early symptoms might include:
Drop in food/water consumption
Sudden dramatic increase in water consumption
Lack of energy
Sudden onset of pain anywhere in the body
Negative change Personality or attitude
Loss of interest in normal activities
Coat begins to look dull and feel brittle
Skin rash or irritation
Cloudy eyes
Runny, Crusty discharge from nose an/or eyes
Bloody discharge
Slight weight loss
As the illness progresses, symptoms may include:
Complete refusal of food and/or water
Constipation
Difficulty urinating
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Dramatic weight loss
Severe pain
Bloated stomach
Localized swelling
Seizures
Complete withdrawal from surroundings
Body temperature above 102 degrees Fahrenheit

WHAT CAUSES KENNEL COUGH AND WHAT ARE THE SYMPTONS?

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Todays Tips-What causes kennel cough and what are the symptons?
When a dog or cat is exposed to poorly ventilated areas, overcrowding, cigarette smoke or large amounts of dust, its respiratory system can become infected. This can lead to a severe, dry hacking cough which is similar to chest colds that we may suffer.
Antibiotics are often administered as a cure for kennel cough, as they can in most cases effectively wipe out the infection. However, this can significantly weaken a dog's immune system, rendering it more susceptible to developing long term health complications.
Another common kennel cough treatment is vaccinations as a prevention method. Although this is a popular way of treating kennel cough before it occurs, frequent vaccinations can also compromise the immune system, leaving your dog unable to fight off illness on its own.
That is why natural kennel cough cures are becoming more popular. Pet owners are realizing the potential dangers of conventional medications, and are seeking safer alternatives. Natural remedies can be as effective, and can not only offer a cure for kennel cough, but also remove unhealthy chemicals and boost your dog's overall health.

HOW TO PREVENT AND TREAT ARTHRITIS IN DOGS?

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Todays Tips-How to prevent and treat Arthritis in Dogs?
Arthritis in dogs is a debilitating condition affecting one in five adult dogs and marked by painful joint inflammation. The most common form is osteoarthritis which involves the degeneration of cartilage and bone.
The onset of dog arthritis can be due to a number of factors, including injury, obesity, genetic predisposition and poor nutrition. Some of the symptoms include stiffness, difficulty in climbing stairs, whimpering when standing, unusual movements, noticeable swelling in a limb, thickening joints and shying away from petting. If you do notice any of these signs, be sure to have your pet checked for canine art
How is arthritis in dogs treated?
As with humans, the condition can be managed with dietary changes, regular exercise and anti-inflammatory medications.
It is important that your dog maintains proper weight and has a balanced diet with the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs for optimal health. Limiting snacks and foods that can aggravate inflammation is also key. Make sure your dog gets regular exercise to improve mobility and strength.
Besides dietary and fitness concerns, treating the inflammation directly is of utmost importance. Anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed by veterinarians to relieve dog arthritis pain.
However, due to the potential side effects of these drugs, including kidney & liver problems, vomiting, ulcers and excessive urination, more and more pet owners are turning to natural treatments for arthritis in dogs. Natural remedies can be as effective as prescription drugs in alleviating joint and muscle pain, without the potential adverse reactions of these chemical-based drugs.
In addition to treating dog arthritis, high quality supplements can boost your dog's immune system, strengthen and protect the skeletal system, remove harmful toxins and promote general health and well-being.

Disease in Dogs?

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Today's Tip :- What is Lyme Disease In Dogs?

Transmitted through the bite of a tick, Borrelia burgdorferi is the scientific name of the bacteria that causes Lyme Disease. These microscopic bacteria are a type called spirochete... they have a coiled or cork-screw appearance under the microscope. The disease is actually named after the town in Connecticut where an early outbreak was first described... Lyme, Connecticut. (Remember, ticks don't cause the disease, they merely harbor and transmit the bacteria that cause the disease.) And being fussy little bacteria, not just any ol' genus of tick will do as a carrier. At least three known species of ticks can transmit Lyme Disease. However, the great majority of Lyme Disease transmissions are due to the bite of a very tiny tick commonly called the Deer Tick, or Black-legged Tick. See the image on the right. Reference for the identification of this tick is at (http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/urban/medical/deer_tick.htm).

Its scientific name is Ixodes (pronounced eye-zod-ease) scapularis. Lyme Disease in dogs has been reported in every state but certain geographical areas are much more likely to harbor bacteria-carrying ticks than others. To see close-up images of a different specie of tick (that does not usually transmit Lyme Disease) feeding on a dog, view here

Many dogs, such as the Brittany Spaniel in the video above, will seemingly develop Lyme Disease signs within a matter of hours. The dog in the video was normal one day, a little quiet and less energetic the next, and by the third day was so full of joint pain that the owner had to carry the dog in to the animal hospital. Interestingly, although not apparent in this case, in over 75 percent of affected dogs the worst limp will be in one front leg; close observation, though, reveals multiple joint tenderness

Signs of Lyme Disease in Dog?

Of the hundreds of cases of canine Lyme Disease that I have seen, over 90 percent of canine patients were admitted with signs of limping (usually one foreleg), lymph node swelling in the affected limb, and a

temperature of 103 degrees (101 to 102.5 degrees is normal). The limping usually progresses over three to four days from mild and barely noticeable to complete disuse of the painful leg. Once the dog starts to be affected by the bacteria, Lyme Disease can progress from a mild discomfort to the stage where a dog will be in such joint and muscle pain it will refuse to move; it is not uncommon for an owner to have to carry a sick dog into the animal hospital. Over the span of two or three days a dog can progress from normal to completely unable to walk due to generalized joint pain. In addition to joint damage, the bacteria can affect the dog's heart muscle and nerve tissue. If the disease is diagnosed in time, treatment can cure the dog before permanent joint or nerve damage occurs. Certain antibiotics, such as the Tetracyclines, are very helpful in eliminating the disease.

Generally, the diagnosis of Lyme Disease is based upon clinical signs and history. For example, if a dog ran or played normally a few days ago, has had no signs of trauma or previous arthritic discomfort, and now displays tenderness upon palpation of the affected limb and has a mild fever and swollen lymph nodes, I'm going to seriously consider Lyme Disease as a possible diagnosis.

On the other hand, just as in human medicine, Lyme Disease is called "The Great Imitator" because it has often been mistakenly diagnosed when another disorder is present, such as an autoimmune disease, lymph tissue cancer, Blastomycosis, or septicemia. Just as vexing is the fact that at times other similar-appearing diseases are diagnosed when the culprit is actually Lyme Disease. There are published reports of Lyme Disease being misdiagnosed and over diagnosed in human medicine.

Prevention of Lyme Disease in Dogs

There are three Lyme vaccines approved for use in dogs. Keep in mind, though, that no vaccine for humans or canines will be 100% effective and protective against the disease. As with any vaccine there are a number of variables that can impact each individual's response to a vaccine. Think of vaccination for Lyme Disease as one tool you can use to decrease your dog's chances of contracting the disease. For helpful information on the advisability of vaccinating your dog, contact a vaccine manufacturer or discuss this disease with your veterinarian

The first and most obvious technique to assist in prevention is to keep the tick population to a minimum. There are safe and effective insecticides that can be used in the dog's usual environment (e. g., a 50-foot radius around the dog house). In addition, there are new chemical agents that you apply once a month to small areas of the dog's skin; thereafter, the agent spreads over the dog's body via the oil on its skin and kills ticks before they get a chance to inject the bacteria into the dog via the tick's saliva. One of the most commonly used anti-tick

Humans should wear clothing that covers as much skin as possible to prevent the ticks from contacting the skin. And the use of light-colored clothing will make observation of the dark-colored tick easier. Other hints: Avoid fields and grassy areas; apply repellents according to directions; and examine yourself closely for ticks after a day in the field. We live in a diverse, intricate and ever-changing natural world. It is full of challenges, always prompting us to better understand diseases and vectors, predator and prey, life cycles and evolution. The bacteria that causes Lyme Disease has found a niche in this natural world and will share the planet with us for a long time. The challenge is to learn all we can about it!

How to resolve Constipation in Dogs?

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Todays Tips-How to resolve Constipation in Dogs?
An unbalanced diet is the most common cause of constipation in dogs. Lack of fiber causes a build op of drying feces which becomes lodged in the intestines. The obvious cure is therefore increasing the fiber in the dogs diet (adding a teaspoon of bran or other high fiber food to the dogs standard meal is an easy option). It is also important to ensure a fresh supply of water is available. Most pet stores will stock a selection of mild natural laxatives which may produce results faster. There are however more serious causes of constipation, large portions of bone or ingested garbage can cause blockages in the intestines as can major worm infestation. If the constipation does not clear up within a day or two, or your dog shows signs of serious pain then you should take him to the vet or a thorough examination

New Pet Dog Vaccination Guidelines in the USA

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Today's Tips :- New Pet Dog Vaccination Guidelines in the USA


Vaccinations

Vaccinations are an essential preventive care for your dog. Through vaccination, dogs can now be protected from numerous disease risks, including rabies, distemper, hepatitis and several others. Some of these diseases are zoonotic (can be passed from dogs to people) and so vaccinating your pet benefits public health too.



Recently, several studies have shown that vaccines protect dogs for a longer period than previously believed. There have also been many improvements in the quality of the vaccines produced. Pet owners are now also aware and concerned that vaccination is not as harmless a procedure as once believed.To assist veterinarians with making vaccine recommendations for their pet owners dogs, the American Animal Hospital Association has now issued a set of canine vaccine guidelines. These guidelines were developed by a group of experts and practicing veterinarians together.

A key recommendation is that all dogs are very different and therefore vaccine decisions should be tailored to the individual dog. Factors including age, breed, health status, environment, lifestyle, and travel habits of the dog should be always be considered. Infectious disease threats differ from place to place and so you should work with your veterinarian to tailor an immunization program that best protects your dog based on his / her risk and lifestyle factors.

Am I Putting My Dogs Health at Risk When Vaccinating?

All medical procedures, no matter how routine, carry some inherent risk and so it would be wrong to say that vaccinating your pet is risk free. As with any medical procedure the benefits of performing that procedure must be balanced against the risks. Veterinarians recommend that no needless vaccination risks should be taken and that the best way to go about this is to reduce the number and frequency of administration of unnecessary vaccines.These decisions should be made after considering your dogs age, lifestyle, and potential exposure to infectious disease.

What are the risks associated with vaccination?

Vaccine reactions are infrequent in my experience. In general, most vaccine reactions are mild and the side effects (local pain, itchiness and swelling) are self-limiting. Allergic reactions are much less common, but if untreated can actually be fatal. These can occur soon after vaccination, usually within a matter of minutes to hours. If you think this type of reaction is occuring, please contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.Also, in a very small number of patients, vaccines can sometimes cause the patients immune system to attack their own cells, resulting in diseases that affect the blood, skin, joints or nervous system. Such reactions are very rare but can again be life threatening.There is also a possible complication of tumor growth developing at the vaccination site, but this occurs most frequently in cats.Please just remember, that if you have any reason to be concerned, just call your veterinarian for advice.

There are so many vaccines available - How do I know which vaccines my pet needs?

There are two general groups of vaccines: core and noncore vaccines.

Core vaccines are recommended for all dogs and protect against diseases that are more common and are more serious. These diseases are found in all areas of North America and are more easily transmitted than noncore diseases. The AAHA guidelines define core vaccines as: distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus and rabies.

Noncore vaccines are for patients at an increased risk for infection due to exposure or lifestyle. The AAHA guidelines define non-core vaccines as: kennel cough, Lyme disease and leptospirosis vaccines.

ADVERSE REACTION TO VACCINATION

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Todays Tips-Adverse reaction to Vaccination

Adverse reactions to vaccination have been recognized for years, and were commonly seen in several human vaccines including polio and smallpox vaccines. Adverse reactions to vaccines also occur in dogs and cats. However, compared to the risks of not vaccinating dogs and cats, the risks associated with vaccinations are very small in comparison. Adverse effects from vaccinations can vary with the type of vaccine used, and the age and breed of animal vaccinated. Anaphylaxis and the development of a fibrosarcoma are the most serious reactions to vaccines. Some of the more common (but still rare) risks are discussed below.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening, immediate allergic reaction to something ingested or injected. If untreated, it results in shock, respiratory and cardiac failure, and death. An anaphylactic reaction can occur as a result of vaccination. The reaction usually occurs within minutes to hours (less than 24) of the vaccination. Dr. Ronald Schultz of the University of Wisconsin College of Veterinary Medicine estimates that about one case of anaphylaxis occurs for every 15,000 doses of vaccine administered.
The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis are the sudden onset of diarrhea, vomiting, shock, seizures, coma, and death. The animals' gums will be very pale, and the limbs will feel cold. The heart rate is generally very fast, but the pulse is weak. There can be facial swelling.
Anaphylaxis is an extreme emergency. If you think your dog is having an anaphylactic reaction, seek emergency veterinary assistance immediately. Epinephrine should be given as soon as possible - we are talking within a few minutes. IV fluids, oxygen, and other medications are given as needed.
Anaphylactic reactions are more commonly associated with the use of killed vaccines such as rabies, canine coronavirus, and leptospirosis. Killed vaccines have more virus or bacterial particles per dose and have added chemicals (adjuvants) to improve the dog's immune response. These characteristics also increase the risk of an allergic reaction to the vaccine.
If your dog has ever had a reaction to a vaccine, subsequent vaccinations should be given by your veterinarian. In some cases, certain vaccines may be excluded from your dog's vaccination regimen, a different type of vaccine will be used, or certain drugs, including antihistamines may be given prior to vaccination. The veterinarian may place a catheter in the dog's vein so if a reaction does occur, medications and fluids can be given immediately. Depending on the situation, your dog may need to remain in the veterinarian's office for a period of 30 minutes to several hours. Once home, the dog should be kept under observation for several additional hours. Even with these precautions, life-threatening reactions could still occur.
If you vaccinate your own dogs, you should have epinephrine available and know how to use it in case a reaction occurs. If your dog has an anaphylactic reaction after a vaccination, inject the proper dose of epinephrine and seek emergency veterinary assistance immediately.
Worsening of allergies
Some studies have shown that dogs with atopy who are vaccinated at the height of the allergic season, may have an increased risk of developing more severe allergy signs. It is suggested that dogs with seasonal allergies be vaccinated during the 'non-allergy' season.
Neurologic and eye disease
Neurologic symptoms are the most common vaccine reaction seen in dogs. Canine distemper vaccination is the most common cause of neurologic disease, and can cause an inflammation of the brain. Measles vaccine in puppies has been reported to rarely cause damage to the nervous system. Cerebellar disease has been reported in puppies and kittens less than 5 weeks of age who were vaccinated with a modified live vaccine.
Canine adenovirus-1 is known to cause an allergic uveitis (inflammation of the eye), often called 'blue eye.' Most vaccines now contain canine adenovirus-2 instead of adenovirus-1, almost eliminating the chance of blue eye occurring today.
Discomfort and swelling at the injection site
Pain, swelling, redness, and irritation can occur at the injection site. These effects generally occur within 30 minutes to 1 week of the vaccination. If the signs persist, or are severe, contact your veterinarian.
Occasionally, abscesses can form at the injection site. These abscesses are generally not caused by infection, but by the body's over-reaction to the vaccine.
Mild fever, decreased appetite and activity
Mild fever, decreased appetite, and depression may be observed for 1-2 days following vaccination, most commonly when modified live vaccines are used. Generally, no treatment is warranted.
Severe illness can occur if vaccines designed for intranasal use are accidentally injected. Severe reactions can also occur if any of a vaccine made for injection accidentally enters an animal's eyes, nose, or mouth.
Respiratory signs after intranasal vaccines
Dogs vaccinated with the intranasal Bordetella and/or parainfluenza vaccine may develop a mild cough, which generally does not require treatment. They may spread the vaccine-form of the virus to other animals through their coughing.
Lameness
Rarely, lameness can result from several different vaccinations.
Immune-mediated polyarthritis in Akitas: Certain lines of Akitas may have immunodeficiencies which make them prone to adverse reactions following vaccination. They may develop an immune-mediated arthritis in one or more joints, which is often progressive and relapses commonly occur. Dogs with this immune disorder generally have short life spans due to other complications.
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy: Certain lines of Weimaraners, and some other large-breed dogs, may develop hypertrophic osteodystrophy following canine distemper vaccinations given between 2 and 5 months of age. They may also develop respiratory signs, enlarged lymph nodes, and diarrhea. The hypertrophic osteodystrophy is treated with glucocorticoids and the signs of the disease usually resolve.
Shedding of vaccine agent
Vaccine virus may be found in the nasal secretions of dogs vaccinated intranasally. In addition, vaccine parvovirus is shed in the feces of vaccinated dogs, canine adenovirus-1 can be shed in the urine, and canine adenovirus-2 can be found in nasal secretions. These viruses are the vaccine forms of the virus; they do NOT revert back to the disease-causing strains.
Birth defects or infections
The vaccination of pregnant animals with a modified live vaccine can result in birth defects or abortions. It is recommended that modified live vaccines NEVER be given to pregnant animals. In addition, vaccinating puppies and kittens less than 4-5 weeks of age, can actually result in them becoming infected and developing disease from modified live vaccines.

RingWorms in Dogs -Symptoms

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Today's Tips :- RingWorms in Dogs -Symptoms




Ringworm is a fungal skin infection that affects both humans and animals. In particular, pets like dogs and cats are potential sources of ringworm. For ringworm treatment to be effective, you must also consider having your pets examined and treated by a veterinarian.



In most cases, ringworm infection comes from another person rather than from animals. When ringworm is transmitted from pets to humans, the infection is said to be "zoonotic" and and in over 30% of households where a pet has ringworm, at least one person will get it. Children are the most commonly infected, although it is possible for a child to catch the infection at school and infect the household dog or cat.


what are the symptoms of ringworms in dogs?

Unlike cats, almost all dogs invariably show the classic symptoms of ringworm: a small round lesion that is free of hair (The fungi live in hair follicles and cause the hair shafts to break off at the skin line). The lesion will often have crusty, scaly skin in the center. The lesion may start as a small spot, often affecting the head, but may also occur in the legs, feet or tail. The lesion may or may not be irritated and/or itching. As the ringworm fungi multiply, the lesion will become irregularly-shaped and can spread to other parts of the body.



The incubation period of the ringworm fungi is 10-12 days. Thus, you can expect for 10-12 day to pass before any lesion becomes visible. Fortnately, most healthy adult dogs are often immune to ringworm. The most vulnerable are puppies and dogs with lowered immunity.


How is ringworm in dogs diagnosed?

Before prescribing ringworm treatment, the vet will diagnose the presence of ringworm by one or a combination of these methods:


1. Visual identification of the typical ringworm lesions.


2. The Wood's Lamp method - this is a popular method of detection, although generally considered to be not very accurate since only 4 species of ringworm-causing fungi actually glow (flouresce) when examined under a black light (wood's lamp).


3. Culture test - considered to be the most accurate method of diagnosis, in which collected scales and crust from the lesion are incubated in special medium to allow the fungi (if any) to grow and become visible in the microscope.As advised, elsewhere, to prevent reinfection in humans, dogs (and other pets) suspected of being infected, must also undergo medication. A number of conventional methods can be used (primarily the use of the traditional agent Griseofulvin) although alternative and safer methods, like natural ringworm treatment are now available to pet owners everywhere.

Preventing Dog from Obesity.

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Today's Tip :- How Do I Determine if My Dog is Overweight?

Q. When is a dog considered to be fat?

A : - Veterinarians often use a 9 point scoring system to evaluate the body condition of pets. A point value of 1 means the dog or cat is extremely thin to the point of emaciation. A score of 9 means the pet is grossly overweight. And like Goldilocks and the three bears, a score of 5 is 'just right.' To determine body score, there are several specific areas of the dog or cat we look at. Remember, these are guidelines. A Greyhound with a score of 5 is still going to be thinner than a Bulldog with the same score.

NOTE: We have included some illustrations at the end of this article which depict the contours of various body scores.

To perform the rating, we first feel the pet's ribs. We should be able to quite easily feel the ribs. There should be a slight amount of fat over them, but each rib should be distinct. If you can see the ribs, the pet is too thin. If you can not feel them at all, the pet is very overweight.

Second, check the area near the base of the tail. There should be a slight fat covering over this area and it should feel smooth. If the bones protrude, the pet is too thin; if you can not feel any bones at all, the pet is very overweight.

Third , feel other bony prominences on the pet's body such as the spine, shoulders, and hips. Again, you should be able to feel a small amount of fat over these areas. If these bones are easily felt or visible, the dog or cat is too thin. If you can not feel the bones beneath the layer of fat, the animal is obviously overweight.

Fourth , look at your pet from above. The animal should have a definite waist behind the ribs. If the waist is extreme, or again, bony prominences are visible, the animal is too thin. If there is no waist, or worse yet, the area between the ribs and hips is wider than the hips or ribs, the dog or cat is grossly overweight.

Fifth , look at the pet from the side. Dogs and cats should have an abdominal tuck, i.e., the area behind the ribs should be smaller in diameter than the chest. This can vary a lot between breeds. Irish Setters and Greyhounds, for instance, appear to have a much more distinct abdominal tuck, since they are so deep-chested. An animal who is too thin will have a very severe abdominal tuck. Overweight animals will have no abdominal tuck.

If you feel your dog is overweight, consult your veterinarian to determine if there are any other medical problems before starting the animal on a weight reduction program. Your veterinarian can also suggest various diets, how fast your pet should lose weight, etc.

What is Heat Stroke in Dogs?What Is it Treatment and Prevention of Heat Stroke?

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Todays Tips-Heat Stroke in Dogs and its Treatment
Heat stroke is an emergency that requires immediate recognition and prompt treatment. Dogs do not tolerate high temperatures as well as humans. They depend upon rapid breathing to exchange warm air for cool air. Accordingly when air temperature is close to body temperature, cooling by rapid breathing is not and efficient process. Dogs with airway disease also have difficulty with excess heat. Common situations that predispose to overheating or heat stroke in dogs are:1. Being left in a car in hot weather.2. Being confined on concrete runs; chained without shade in hot weather.3. Being of a short-nosed breed, especially a Bulldog or Pug.4. Being muzzled while put under a dryer (this can happen in a grooming parlor).5. Suffering from airway disease or any condition that impairs breathing.Heat stroke begins with rapid, frantic, noisy breathing. The tongue and mucus membranes are bright red, the saliva is thick and tenacious and the dog frequently vomits. Its rectal temperature is high, sometimes over 106 degrees F. The cause of the problem usually is evident by the typical appearance of the dog; it can be confirmed by taking its temperature.If the condition is allowed to go unchecked, the dog becomes unsteady and staggers, has diarrhea that often is bloody and becomes progressively weaker. Coma and death ensue.Treatment: Emergency measures must begin at once. Mild cases respond to moving the dog to a cooler surrounding, such as an air-conditioned building or car. If the dog's temperature is over 104 degrees F, or if unsteady on its feet, the dog should be cooled by immersion in a tub of cold water. If this is impossible, hose your dog down with a garden hose. For a temperature over 106 degrees F, or if the dog is near collapse, give a cold water enema. A more rapid temperature drop is imperative. Cool to a rectal temperature of 103 degrees F.Heat stroke can be associated with swelling of the throat. This aggravates the problem. A cortisone injection by your veterinarian may be required to treat this.Prevention:1. Do not expose dogs with airway disease or impaired breathing to prolonged heat.2. Restrict exercise during the heat of the day in summer.3. Breed dogs in air-conditioned quarters.4. Crate a dog only in an open wire cage.5. Provide shade and cool water to dogs living in outdoor runs.

Diseases In Dogs

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Todays Topic : - Diseases In Dogs

India having a predominantly tropical climate has numerous viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal pet diseases. Broadly the diseases affecting pets vary from season to season. In North India summers see the prevalence of numerous diseases while pets remain healthier in winters. In South India where the seasonal variation is lesser such marked patterns of change in diseases does not occur. On the whole in India the following diseases are commonly seen. Rabies Rabies is the first and foremost disease to be concerned about due to its zoonotic importance. The virus prevalent in the saliva of rabid animals spreads it. Contrary to the popular myth that Rabies can be got only by the bite of a dog, any warm-blooded animal can spread the disease. Other Viral Diseases Other viral diseases affecting dogs include Distemper, Parvo and Corona. Any unvaccinated animal can get these diseases and ‘prevention remains the best method for cure’. The incidence of Parvo and Distemper is seen to be more in summers and each year numerous animals succumb to them.

Skin Infestations : -

Summer is also the time when skin diseases are seen. Dogs are prone to skin infestations with ticks and fleas. The irritation caused by these ectoparasites cause them to itch and thereby damage their coat, which gets prone to secondary bacterial, fungal and mite diseases. Mange caused by microscopic skin parasites called mites can also be got when a diseased pet comes in contact with a healthy animal.

Tick Fever :-

Ticks also transmit a potentially fatal disease called ‘Tick Fever’. This disease is prevelant all over India and the best method to control it is to prevent your dog from getting ticks. Ticks also cause anaemia due to their feeding on canine blood. A very large tick population can cause a condition called tick paralysis. Hairy breeds are more prone to ticks and other skin trouble. In areas like Delhi the medications used for this disease has reduced efficacy because of drug resistance

Worms : -

The other major scourge that stalks your pets is Endo parasites or worms. There are two major categories of worms in dogs i.e. Tapeworms and Roundworms. They cause recurrent stomach trouble, weight loss and general ill health for your pet. Fortunately they are easily controlled with the numerous broad-spectrum de-wormers available with your Vet. Dogs that tend to scavenge will be more prone to this disease.

Prevention : -

Most of the diseases mentioned above are easily prevented. Basic hygiene, regular check-ups, routine vaccinations, proper grooming and skin care all help a lot in the prevention. India being endemic for most of these diseases, care needs to be taken for early diagnosis and treatment.

HOW DO INDUCE DOGS TO VOMIT?

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Todays Tips-How do induce dog to vomit
Inducing vomiting in dogs is not to be taken lightly. The first thing to do is to find out what has poisoned your dog. It is then recommended that you phone your vet's emergency phone number (more resources below) for advice. In all cases, inducing vomiting is only a temporary measure until you can take your dog to the vet. There are circumstances in which induction of vomiting is the wrong thing to do:
- If your dog is displaying convulsions, seizures, shock or lethargy DO NOT induce vomiting - instead seek veterinary assistance immediately. - If your dog has ingested caustic substances DO NOT induce vomiting as this will tear the stomach lining.
If your dog does not display these symptoms, and has not ingested a caustic substance, then you can induce vomiting. Give your dog two teaspoons of Hydrogen Peroxide, or if you are desperate and have nothing else available a teaspoon of salt will also have the desired effect

ANAL GLAND IMPACTION AND INFECTION IN DOGS

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Todays Tips-Anal gland impaction and infection in dogs
Infections and problems of the anal gland are very common in dogs and it sounds like this is what your dog is suffering from. Impaction of the anal gland can occur when it fails to naturally empty because of soft stools or an overactive gland, and secretions become thick and pasty. Anal gland impaction is treated by manual emptying of the glands. Ask your vet for advice on how to proceed - you should act quickly before they become infected.
When anal glands become infected there will be small amounts of blood or puss in the secretions. If your dog is scratching his bum on the floor very frequently, it may be his glands are already infected. Treatment is the same as for impacted glands, but is followed by an antibiotic wash at regular intervals for a period after the manual emptying.

CANNE TONGUE COLOR AND SIGN OF ILLNESS

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Todays tips-Canine tongue color and sign of illness
Most dogs have pink tongues (Chow Chows have black tongues), making it fairly easy to check for symptoms of mouth disorders. While many mixed breed dogs have colored speckles on their tongues, black spots that were not previously there can be a sign of melanoma, a type of cancer. Lighter (often white) marks on your dog's tongue can indicate a reaction to a toxin or allergen - such as if your dog has been licking something some kind of chemical. A bluish tongue color in dogs can indicate a condition called cyanosis - which essentially means there is a shortage of oxygen in the blood. Cyanosis is usually noticeable in the gums and other mucous membranes and can be a symptom of a number of underlying causes, including heart disease, respiratory disease and exposure to a toxin. If your dog's tongue is bluish in color and you are sure that this is not due to eating anything that could transfer this color (also check toys for transferable dye) then I recommend a thorough veterinary examination to determine if the discoloration is due to cyanosis. The fact that you suggest your dog is often breathing heavily might suggest that he has a respiratory problem

WHAT IS LYMPHOMA IN DOGS?WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL SIGN AND WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSTIC WORK UP INCLUDE?

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Todays Tips-Lymphoma in dogs &its Clinical sign & the diagnostic work-up include:
Lymphoma and lymphosarcoma (LSA) are interchangeable terms
Lymphoma in dogs is similar to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a man
Lymphoma represents 7% of all cancers in dogs affecting 24/100,000 dogs at risk each year
Most affected dogs are between 5-9 years of age, but the disease can occur in dogs of any age
Generalized lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement) in an otherwise healthy dog is the most common presentation
Hypercalcemia occurs in 20% of dogs with lymphoma
Administration of glucocorticoids (steroids) prior to confirming a diagnosis can make obtaining the diagnosis more challenging
The Clinical Sign:
Generalized lymph node enlargement in an otherwise healthy dog is the most common presentation of LSA. This lymphadenopathy is non-painful and generally asymptomatic. This clinical presentation is referred to as stage IIIa LSA. Clinical signs will vary depending on the stage of disease, volume of tumor and anatomic location of the lymphoma. Clinical signs are typically non-specific and may include lethargy, weight loss and loss of appetite. If the patient has associated hypercalcemia, clinical signs will include polydipsia and polyuria (frequent drinking and urination). Other symptoms reflect the anatomic location of the lymphoma. Lymphoma of the gastrointestinal system generally results in vomiting and/or diarrhea whereas cranial mediastinal lymphoma results in dyspnea (difficulty breathing).
The diagnostic work-up include:
A thorough physical examination is the most important part of the work-up. This dictates what diagnostic tests will be required to confirm the diagnosis and accurately determine the patient's health status. The diagnostic work-up should always include a complete blood count (CBC), platelet count, biochemical profile, urinalysis and fine needle aspirate or excisional biopsy of the lymph node. These tests allow us to confirm the diagnosis, determine if the patient is hypercalcemic, assess kidney function, and determine if the patient has normal neutrophil and platelet counts so that we can safely initiate chemotherapy.
A lymph node is excised for histopathologic analysis when the diagnosis cannot be confirmed by cytology. Lymph node biopsy has the added advantage of histologically classifying the LSA, which provides some additional prognostic information.
Alternatively, a DNA (gene) analysis test called PCR performed from a lymph node aspirate can be helpful to confirm a diagnosis in most cases.
When collecting a fine needle aspirate of the lymph node for cytologic evaluation, it is optimal to stay as far away from submandibular lymph nodes as possible. The increased reactivity of submandibular lymph nodes can sometimes mask neoplastic infiltrates. These lymph nodes should be only be used if other lymph nodes are not sufficiently enlarged or less accessible.
Additional diagnostic tests are required when complete staging of the lymphoma is desirable or when the patient is symptomatic. These tests may inclued chest and abdominal radiographs, abdominal ultrasound and ultrasound guided aspirates of the liver and spleen for cytologic evaluation, and bone marrow aspirate.

HEAT STROKE IN DOGS

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Todays Tips-Heat Stroke in Dogs
Heat stroke is an emergency that requires immediate recognition and prompt treatment. Dogs do not tolerate high temperatures as well as humans. They depend upon rapid breathing to exchange warm air for cool air. Accordingly when air temperature is close to body temperature, cooling by rapid breathing is not and efficient process. Dogs with airway disease also have difficulty with excess heat.
Common situations that predispose to overheating or heat stroke in dogs are:
1. Being left in a car in hot weather
.2. Being confined on concrete runs; chained without shade in hot weather.
3. Being of a short-nosed breed, especially a Bulldog or Pug.
4. Being muzzled while put under a dryer (this can happen in a grooming parlor).
5. Suffering from airway disease or any condition that impairs breathing.
Heat stroke begins with rapid, frantic, noisy breathing. The tongue and mucus membranes are bright red, the saliva is thick and tenacious and the dog frequently vomits. Its rectal temperature is high, sometimes over 106 degrees F. The cause of the problem usually is evident by the typical appearance of the dog; it can be confirmed by taking its temperature.If the condition is allowed to go unchecked, the dog becomes unsteady and staggers, has diarrhea that often is bloody and becomes progressively weaker. Coma and death ensue.
Treatment:
Emergency measures must begin at once. Mild cases respond to moving the dog to a cooler surrounding, such as an air-conditioned building or car. If the dog's temperature is over 104 degrees F, or if unsteady on its feet, the dog should be cooled by immersion in a tub of cold water. If this is impossible, hose your dog down with a garden hose. For a temperature over 106 degrees F, or if the dog is near collapse, give a cold water enema. A more rapid temperature drop is imperative. Cool to a rectal temperature of 103 degrees F.Heat stroke can be associated with swelling of the throat. This aggravates the problem. A cortisone injection by your veterinarian may be required to treat this.
Prevention:
1.Do not expose dogs with airway disease or impaired breathing to prolonged heat.
2. Restrict exercise during the heat of the day in summer.
3. Breed dogs in air-conditioned quarters.
4. Crate a dog only in an open wire cage.
5. Provide shade and cool water to dogs living in outdoor runs.

LIVER DISEASE IN DOGS AND CATS

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Todays Tips-Liver Disease in Dogs and Cats
The liver is the main filtering and clearing organ of the body. All blood supply travels through the liver to be detoxified. There are many causes of liver disease - genetics, copper storage diseases, drug induce diseases, poisons, pancreatitis, Cushing's disease, malnutrition, parasites, environmental stresses, cancer, trauma and infectious diseases (bacterial, viral, fungal), just to name a few.
When diagnosed early, treatment of liver disease can be very rewarding. Diagnosis includes blood tests (lab interpretations) such as an ALT (SGPT), alkaline phosphophotase, bilirubin, total protein, bile acids etc. X-rays and ultrasound are also very important in the diagnose of this disease. Liver biopsies may also be an invaluable aid in the determination of the type of liver disease.
Nutritional support for dogs with liver disease:
Zentonil is a new stable form of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a compound that is vital to normal liver function. S-Adenosylmethionine has been clinically proven in veterinary trials to safely and effectively support and protect liver cells in compromised animals. Listed below are several of the more common diseases of cats and dogs:
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A metabolic disorder affecting the CNS that develops as a result of hepatic disease causing seizures. The end result is the accumulation of ammonia in the blood stream due to portal shunts, cirrhosis, or end stage liver disease.
Clinical signs include: excessive drooling in cats, behavior changes, visual defects (blindness), circling, pacing, anxiety, stupor and seizures. These signs are more prevalent after eating due to the increased amount of ammonia in the blood stream affecting the brain.
Causes: portal shunts, infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis, dietary restriction of arginine in cats and ferrets.
Treatment: repair portal shunt if possible, low protein diet, antibiotics such as neomycin affecting intestinal flora to reduce the production of ammonia, lactulose to trap the ammonia in the gut, and low protein diets.
Acute Hepatic Failure
A rapid loss of liver function due to death of liver cells.
Causes: drugs, toxins, infectious diseases, and lack of oxygen.
Clinical signs: acute depression and illness-vomiting, icterus, diarrhea, seizures, hemorrhage
Diagnosis: abnormal laboratory values, abnormal x-rays and ultrasounds, and biopsy
Treatment: IV fluids, intestinal sedatives, plasma if indicated, antibiotics, vitamins
Hepatic Lipidosis (Fatty Liver)
The accumulation of fat within the liver.
Causes: loss of appetite which promotes the accumulation of lipid in the liver. This leads to a decreased in liver function. Underlying causes include-primary liver disease, shunts, diabetes, intestinal disease, pancreatitis, cancer, and other illnesses causing loss of appetite.
Signs: loss of appetite, weight loss, icterus, vomiting, enlarged liver on palpation.
Treatment: Dietary therapy is the primary treatment. High protein high calorie diets should be fed either by force feeding or by stomach tube. This process of tube feeding may last for 6-8 weeks. In our practice we place a either a PEG tube or pharyngeal tube surgically. Iv fluid therapy and antibiotics as well as vitamin therapy is also done.
Hepatitis Chronic Active
Inflammation of the liver resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory cells and scarring. This disease is more common in dogs and is due to many causes.
Causes: infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, immune mediated diseases, copper storage diseases of Bedlingtons and Westies.
Diagnosis: Laboratory tests, x-rays, ultrasounds, biopsies
Treatment: A diet of high calorie and low in protein (HILL'S LD Diet), IV fluids, steroids, broad spectrum antibiotics, ursodiol (Actigal), B-complex and vitamin K.
Copper Storage Disease
Bedlington Terriers and Westhighland White Terriers can suffer from this genetic disease caused by accumulation of copper in the liver. This may also be seen in Doberman Pinchers and Skye Terriers. Copper is found in all foods then absorbed by the intestines, stored in the liver and excreted through the bile system. These breed genetically have the inability to eliminate copper from the liver. As many as 2/3 of Bedlingtons in the USA have this disease and may be clinically affected. Westies do not show the clinical signs of the disease even though they may have high levels of copper. Other breeds affected are cocker spaniels, keeshonds and Labrador retrievers.
Diagnosis: Blood tests, x-ray, ultrasound and biopsy,
Treatment: Iv fluids, lactulose, d-penicillamine for binding the copper, and zinc acetate given before feeding. Vitamin C may also help reduce the absorption of copper.
Infectious hepatitis
A viral disease targeting the liver, kidneys, eyes, and blood stream.
Clinical signs: fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Diagnosis: Blood tests, x-rays, ultrasound, liver biopsy.
Treatment: This disease is preventable with vaccination. Treatment is supportive-IV fluids, antibiotics, highly digestible diets.
Leptospirosis Hepatitis
A bacterial disease caused by leptospirosis. This is a potential communicable disease to people.
Clinical signs: Depression, loss of appetite, signs of kidney disease, respiratory disease.
Diagnosis: Blood tests, serum testing for leptospirosis, urine culturing
Treatment: IV therapy, Procaine penicillin G, or enrofloxicin
Other liver diseases include:abscess of the liver, benign tumors, cancer, toxins, parasites
There are many types and clinical signs of liver cancer. Treatment is often not rewarding as the disease is diagnosed when the cancer is to far advanced. Diagnosis may be made by blood tests, x-ray, ultrasound, laproscopy, CAT scan, and exploratory surgery.
End stage liver disease encompasses may types of pathology. Cirrhosis is one form of end stage liver disease. As the disease progresses, the liver is unable to filter and process properly. As a result, the body is overwhelmed with toxins such as ammonia. When this occurs, your pet may develop a seizure like disorder as a result of the toxins. Diets low in protein as well as medications to bind the ammonia may be of use to help minimize the clinical signs as well as prolong your pet's quality of life.

FEEDING YOUR PUPPY

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Todays Tips-Feeding your Puppy

Puppies have a lot of growing up to do in a short space of time: in just 12 months (up to 24 months for larger breeds) they'll become fully-fledged adults. Their bodies have to develop incredibly quickly, so it's hardly surprising that they need the highest quality nutrition to get there - and plenty of it too. A healthy, energetic puppy can burn through between two and three times more calories than an adult dog!

Puppy nutrition
Puppies are full of curiosity about the world around them, but they need lots of energy to explore it. Manufactured puppy foods are designed to provide complete nutrition, without the bulk. Puppy formulas contain good levels of high quality protein to support healthy tissue and organ development, and higher levels of essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, zinc and iron, as well as vitamin D to help build strong bones and teeth.

Puppies also have smaller mouths than adult dogs, so the smaller bite-sized kibbles in most manufactured puppy foods make it easier to chew and release all the essential nutrients.

Weaning
Needless to say, a mother's milk makes the ideal first food as it's naturally rich in all the required nutrients. Although puppies get ready for weaning between six and eight weeks old, most will start to take an interest in solid foods at three to four weeks - usually by romping through their mother's bowl and licking the food from their paws!

This is the best time to start offering a puppy food formula. If you choose a dry food, it should be moistened and mashed. With less adventurous puppies, you may need to spread a small amount their lips to encourage them to give it a try. Don't be tempted to wean too early. Switching exclusively to solids too soon can harm young stomachs. For dry foods, gradually reduce the amount of moisture up to about eight to ten weeks.

How much to feed
Puppies have small stomachs but large appetites, so feed them small amounts on a frequent basis depending on their age.

• 2-3 months: four meals a day
• 4-6 months: two to three meals a day
• Over 6 months: two meals a day

Don't be tempted to overfeed your puppy to speed up the growth process. Most of the food will be wasted. And as the volume will be too much for a developing digestion, it could lead to painful bone problems in the future. Also, be aware that overweight puppies turn into overweight dogs with all the problems that may cause.

It's best to keep to the feeding recommendations of commercially produced puppy foods, but also try training your puppy to stay out of the kitchen whenever you're cooking. And make sure you ask friends and family not to share scraps, however sorry your puppy looks for itself!

Try not to feed your puppy immediately before or after exercise and allow an hour to pass between feeding and activity. This helps to prevent the risk of swelling or twisting of the stomach.

Puppies naturally enjoy crunching their food, which also helps keep their teeth strong and healthy. Consistency in the diet is also important, so unless there is an obvious problem, it's best to stick with the same brand of food.

Where to feed your puppy
Your puppy should be fed in a quiet place away from interruptions and from where you eat. Don't allow children to interrupt the meal or they may be mistaken as a 'predator' trying to steal food, which could lead to an aggressive reaction. If you have other dogs in the household, feed them separately to avoid bullying and fighting.

How to feed
Serve food at room temperature to ensure your puppy can taste and smell it properly. If you are feeding canned food, this can take up to two hours from being taken out of the fridge. If you (or your puppy) can't wait, just pop the food into a microwave-safe container and heat it up for a short time, being careful not to let the food re-cook, and mashing to avoid hot spots. It's also good idea to put your puppy's bowl on a surface that can be easily cleaned, like a tiled floor or a mat, and always provide fresh clean water.

As your pup grows bigger…
As puppies grow bigger, so does their appetite. They need more energy to support fast bursts of growth and build up muscle mass. Depending on breed, a six-month old puppy can require up to twice the daily calorie intake of a two-month old. After six months, however, the rate of growth will decline.

What not to feed
Despite those pleading, puppy dog eyes, try to avoid feeding table scraps and titbits. To do so will upset your puppy's nutritional balance, and can often be dangerous. Raw meat, in particular, can be infected with bacteria, and despite tasting so good, chocolate is a toxic to their system and should always be avoided.

Making the change to adult food
Even though most breeds look fully-grown at between six and eight months, they're still puppies on the inside. Their bones are becoming stronger and their bodies are continuing to fill out. Only after 12 months (up to 24 months for larger breeds) are they ready to make the transition to an adult food formula, when they no longer need the extra calories and nutrients.

To avoid upsetting a sensitive digestion, start by mixing the new adult food with the
puppy food you usually feed and gradually increase the proportion over 7 to 10 days.

LEARN ABOUT CANCER IN DOGS AND WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT OPTIONS IN DOGS?

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Todays Tips -Cancer in dogs & its treatment
Just like in humans, cancer in dogs is a very serious condition which can seriously impact the life of both the pet and its owner. There are several treatment options available depending on the nature and severity of the dog cancer, and often a combination of conventional and alternative therapies can be the most effective.

The exact cause of the disease is unknown, but it is believed that environmental and hereditary factors do play a role. Exposure to toxins, poor dietary habits, lack of exercise and underlying health issues can all increase the risk. Symptoms of cancer in dogs will depend on the location of the tumor, and can range from gastrointestinal problems such as bleeding, vomiting and diarrhea to seizures, urinary problems, Cushing's and loss of coordination.

Getting an accurate diagnosis is crucial, so it's important to have your dog tested immediately if you notice any changes in its behavior, notice any discomfort or can see or feel any stange bodily masses.

Your veterinarian will be able to perform diganostic tests to determine where the cancer is located and how severe the condition is. Based on this analysis he or she can recommend a course of action to treat the condtion effectively and maintain the health of your pet

What are the treatment options for cancer in dogs?

Depending on the nature and location of the cancer, there are several treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation and surgery to remove the growth and possibly the surrounding tissues. Medications may also be administered.

Other treatment options that are often used in conjunction with conventional methods are natural remedies such as C-Caps that can help treat dog cancer as well as slow cancerous growths, boost immune function and improve general health and well-being.

Although there is no cure for canine cancer at this time, medical science is getting closer, and the treatment available today is much better than what it was just a decade ago. Symptoms of cancer in dogs can be managed effectively, and conventional and natural therapies are proving effective in this battle.

Do you part to ensure your dog's health with a proper high quality diet, regular exercise and a clean, toxin-free environment. If you suspect cancer, make sure you talk to your vet right away. Find out all of the treatment options that are available.

Please note you should always consult your veterinarian or other qualified practitioner before taking any steps to treat cancer in dogs, including administering any medications or natural remedies. He or she will be able to help you decide if a natural treatment is the right choice for your pet.